Sudden liver failure

In language of health science sudden liver failure is called "Fulminant Hepatic Failure".It is a serious situation of  a disease.It will be useless due to quick activity of liver.

According to definition of health science if brain will get damaged or the patient becomes unconscious within two months,then it is called "Fulminant Hepatic Failure".

Causes:
The main cause of this disease is virus.In our country the most cases of sudden liver failure is due to virus.40% people are affected to hepatitis E virus and 25% to 30% people are affected due hepatitis B virus.It should not to say that if HBsAg is negative,only is not claimed hepatitis B virus.Sometimes it would be happened due to hepatitis C and hepatitis A virus.Besides this,it may be occurred due to digestive problem of medicines.

Alcohol/hooch is a dangerous cause.But in case of 20% to 30% have not found any causes.

Signs and symptoms:
The disease would be happened a sudden time of a fit person.After little sickness or nausea the patient becomes unconscious.The relatives of the patients  do not take it easy.In this case brain damage is an important symptoms of a patient.Besides this,the disease can be commenced with severe headache.The patient will fell dizziness,restless,even ferocious.Then eventually the patient becomes unconscious.If it is serious with unconscious,cerebral edema may be occurred.If cerebral edema is happened,then blood pressure increases and legs and hands will be rigid.

Hemorrhaging will be seen various pars of  the patient body.Amount of glucose,potassium and calcium may be reduced.In 99% cases infection may be seen.Even kidney failure also occurs.Besides this,heart,lung and pancreas will be damaged

Examinations and Tests:
Lots of examinations and tests should be done in this disease.Even blood tests should be done every after hours.Blood haemoglobin,TC,DC,platelet count,prothrombin time,grouping,glucose,bilirubin,transamilage,electrolite,urea,creatinine,albumin,amilage etcshould be need examination.Also virus test should be made.Chest x-ray,ecg,CT scan may be needed.

Treatment:
The treatment of this disease is very complicated and vulnerable.For this why,the patien should be observed by  a liver specialist  at a specified hospital.The condition of the patient may change quickly.For this why,the patient should be observed deeply and carefully.Food should be swallowed by a tube except protein free food.Catheter must be used.Ranitidin or omeprazol should be eaten.Antibiotic should be applied.Glucose should be given by testing glucose of blood.Oxygen is also applied.Besides this,vitamin K injection lactulose sytrup,mannitol injection should be given.If it is needed phenytoin should be given.Liver transplantation is popular treatnent in this case.But is very expensive.

Prognosis:
It is a serious disease when occurs sudden liver failure.After all efforts 20% patients remain live in rich countries.Death rates would be higher if prothrombin time is also higher.

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Hepatitis B virus

Dr. Blumburg and his assistants  invented surface antigen HBsAg of hepatitis B virus in aboriginals blood of Australia in 1965.It is mention that that electron microscope  was invented that year.He was rewarded by novel in 1976.Hepatitis B virus infection is great public health problem in the world.Two billion people among six billion people of world was affected by B virus at any stages of their age.Among them 400 million people are affected for long term liver infection.Long time affected by B virus leads to chronic hepatitis liver cirrhosis and liver cancer.It is near about 15% to 40%.In whole world there are 500 thousand people died of this disease.

Genetics information:
In family history hepatitis B virus is a hepadna virus.It is a pertiary double sranded DNA virus.Its length is 3200 basepair.Its body is made by a positive and a negative strand.It grows up on liver cell when it attacks into human body.Human body becomes to prevent this virus by his immune system.On the other hand to live it self,it spreads virus types of antigen in blood and other things such as blood,semen,water of eye.Virus particle is also be found saliva,sweat of body and breast milk when this virus attacks in human body.

It try to create anti HBsAg by its HBsAg.Between one or two weeks HBsAg is found in affected patients and in case of acute infection between one to six weeks at last six months it is also available in human body.It may retain years to years the people who affects by this disease.When HBcAg is found in human body it is the symptoms of  B virus.HBcAg is found in nucleus of liver cells.It does not float in blood.On the other hand,anti HBc floats in blood.If lot of IgM anti HBc is found in blood,we guess that acute infection may be occurred .Besides this,if IgG anti HBc is found in blood,we guess that the patient has affected by this disease.In most cases,HBeAg is found in blood but in case of mutant virus,HBeAg is not found in blood.If anti HBe is found by blood test,we guess that virus infection has been decreasing.If HBV DNA is found in blood,we can definitely say that virus is increasing in liver.Hepatitis B virus is not directly cytotoxic virus.It can alleviate from body if immune system

becomes win.Anybody can say that he/she is free from virus if HBsAg is not found in blood.When one member in family affected by this virus,others can be affected.It is called vertical infection.It is available in the world.So world has divided into 3 zones.

The country whos people are affected 8% to 20% HBsAg positive,these countries called high epidemic area such as south-east Asia,china,pan pacific islands,sahara and Africa.The country whos people are effected 2% to 6% HBsAg positive,those countries called intermediate zone such as Middle east,east Europe,Latin and South America.Below 2% is called low epidemic area such as America,West Europe,and New Zealand..

It spreads by blood transfusion,used syringe,child from mother and physical intercourse.It never spreads by water.Symptoms will be seen after 5 weeks to 180 days.It is a preventable disease.Vaccine is available.All ages of people can take it.It should be need to test before taking vaccine.Generally 3 vaccines should be taken.2nd vaccine should be taken after 1 month taken of first one.3rd should be taken after taken six months taken of second.Besides,immunoglobulin should be applied in hepatitis B.

The people who have kidney disease specially taken hemodialysis should be tested it per year.Double dose vaccine should be taken in hemodialysis.Vaccine may be not effected in case of old patient,old women,smokers,cirrhosis,kidney failure and immunocompromised.Many can question that how much time vaccine remain power?In childhood who had taken vaccine,among of them 50% HBsAg protection antibody  last 20 years.But after 3/4 years booster dose should be taken by testing HBsAg.It is need to mention that hepatitis B vaccine has no any side effects.Sometimes patients feel fever,pain in the body,headache,bone joints pain.

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